Common scams, explained clearly.

Messages and links

Phishing

Phishing is a fake email, text, or social media message that pretends to come from a company or person you know.

Example: You get a text saying your package could not be delivered and you must click a link to pay a small fee.

Warning signs

• The message asks you to click a link right away.
• The sender name, email, or link looks slightly wrong.
• The message asks for a password, code, or banking detail.
• The message creates pressure or fear.

Relationships and trust

Romance scams

A romance scam happens when someone builds an online relationship to gain trust, then asks for money or personal information.

Example: Someone you met online says they love you, but they cannot meet or video call. Later, they ask for money for an emergency.

Warning signs

• They show strong feelings very quickly.
• They avoid meeting in person or on video.
• They ask for money, gift cards, cryptocurrency, or help moving funds.
• They tell you to keep the relationship or request secret.

Money and promises

Investment and crypto fraud

Investment fraud offers high returns with little or no risk. Crypto fraud often uses fake trading sites, fake experts, or pressure to move money quickly.

Example: A person online says they can teach you to make steady profits through a private crypto platform.

Warning signs

• The return sounds too good to be true.
• You are told there is little or no risk.
• You are pressured to send more money to unlock your funds.
• You cannot clearly verify the company or person.

Devices and access

Tech-support scams

A tech-support scam happens when someone pretends your computer, phone, or account has a problem. They may ask for remote access or payment.

Example: A pop-up says your computer is infected and tells you to call a number for support.

Warning signs

• A pop-up or caller says your device is infected.
• They ask to control your computer or phone.
• They ask for payment by gift card, transfer, or cryptocurrency.
• They tell you not to close the window or talk to anyone else.

Family and fear

Grandparent or emergency scams

In an emergency scam, someone pretends a loved one is in trouble. The goal is to make you panic and send money before you can verify the story.

Example: A caller says your child or grandchild has been arrested and needs bail money immediately.

Warning signs

• The caller says there is an emergency.
• You are told not to call anyone else.
• You are asked to send cash, gift cards, or cryptocurrency.
• The caller gives excuses for why you cannot speak to your loved one directly.